1. Form
The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “have/has” +
past participle of the main verb.
- Affirmative:
Subject + have/has + past participle - I have seen that movie.
- She has finished her homework.
- Negative:
Subject + have/has + not + past participle - I have not (haven’t) seen that movie.
- He has not (hasn’t) finished his homework.
- Interrogative:
Have/Has + subject + past participle? - Have you seen that movie?
- Has she finished her homework?
2. Uses
The Present Perfect connects the past with the present. It is
used in these main situations:
1. Life
experiences (without saying exactly when).
o I have visited Paris.
o
She has never tried sushi.
2. Recent
actions (often with just, already, yet).
o
I have just finished my
work.
o She has already left.
o Have you eaten yet?
3. Unfinished
time periods (this week, today, this year, etc.).
o
I have read three books
this month.
o
He has worked hard today.
4. Actions
that started in the past and continue in the present (often
with for and since).
o
I have lived here for ten
years.
o
She has worked at that
company since 2015.
3. Signal Words
Common expressions that usually appear with Present Perfect:
- ever, never
- just, already, yet
- for, since
- so far, up to now, until now
- today, this week, this month, this year
4. Past Simple vs. Present
Perfect
- Past Simple is
used when the time is finished or specified:
- I visited Paris last year.
- Present Perfect is
used when the time is not specified or still continues:
- I have visited Paris (at some point in my
life).
El Presente Perfecto
1. Forma
El
Presente Perfecto en inglés se forma con el verbo auxiliar have/has +
participio pasado.
En español, se traduce como el pretérito perfecto compuesto:
haber (he/has/ha/hemos/han) + participio.
- Afirmativa:
I have eaten → He comido
She has finished → Ella ha terminado - Negativa:
I haven’t eaten → No he comido
He hasn’t finished → Él no ha terminado - Interrogativa:
Have you eaten? → ¿Has comido?
Has she finished? → ¿Ha terminado ella?
2. Usos
El
Present Perfect conecta el pasado con el presente, igual que en español.
Sus usos principales:
1.
Experiencias de vida (sin decir cuándo exactamente):
o
I have visited Paris → He
visitado París.
o She has never tried sushi → Ella
nunca ha probado sushi.
2.
Acciones recientes (con just, already, yet):
o
I have just finished →
Acabo de terminar.
o She has already left → Ella ya se
ha ido.
o
Have you eaten yet? → ¿Ya
has comido?
3.
Períodos de tiempo que no han terminado:
o
I have read three books
this month → He leído tres libros este mes.
o He has worked hard today → Él ha
trabajado mucho hoy.
4.
Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y siguen en el presente (con for y
since):
o
I have lived here for ten
years → He vivido aquí por diez años.
o She has worked here since 2015 →
Ella ha trabajado aquí desde 2015.
3. Palabras clave
- ever, never → alguna vez,
nunca
- just → justo, acabar de
- already → ya
- yet → todavía, ya
- for → durante, por
- since → desde
- this week, this year → esta semana, este año
4. Diferencia con el Pasado Simple
- Past Simple (pasado simple): para acciones en un tiempo
terminado.
- I visited Paris last year →
Visité París el año pasado.
- Present Perfect (presente
perfecto):
para experiencias o acciones con conexión al presente.
- I have visited Paris → He
visitado París (no importa cuándo).
