TOPICS FOR THE EXAM

 

 ENGLISH TENSES & MODAL VERBS REVIEW

 

2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS (Presente continuo)

 Uso:

Se usa para hablar de acciones que están ocurriendo ahora o planes futuros cercanos.
Palabras clave: now, right now, at the moment, today, this week…

 Estructura:

• Afirmativa: Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing
  → They are studying English.
• Negativa: Subject + am/is/are not + verb + -ing
  → I am not watching TV.
• Interrogativa: Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?
  → Is she working today?

💬 Ejemplos:

✅ I am reading a book.
✅ She is talking to her friend.
❌ We aren’t doing homework now.
❓ Are you listening?

 

3. PAST SIMPLE (Pasado simple)

 Uso:

Se usa para hablar de acciones terminadas en el pasado.
Palabras clave: yesterday, last night, two days ago, in 2010…

 Estructura:

• Afirmativa: Subject + past verb (regular +ed / irregular form)
  → I watched a movie. / She went to school.
• Negativa: Subject + didn’t + base verb
  → He didn’t play soccer.
• Interrogativa: Did + subject + base verb?
  → Did you study yesterday?

💬 Ejemplos:

✅ I visited my grandma yesterday.
✅ He bought a new phone.
❌ They didn’t go to the park.
❓ Did you see the movie?

 

4. PAST CONTINUOUS (Pasado continuo)

 Uso:

Se usa para hablar de acciones que estaban ocurriendo en un momento específico del pasado, o para acciones interrumpidas.
Palabras clave: while, when, at 7 p.m., yesterday at this time…

 Estructura:

• Afirmativa: Subject + was/were + verb + -ing
  → I was reading a book.
• Negativa: Subject + wasn’t/weren’t + verb + -ing
  → They weren’t watching TV.
• Interrogativa: Was/Were + subject + verb + -ing?
  → Were you sleeping?

💬 Ejemplos:

✅ I was cooking when you called.
✅ They were playing soccer at 5 p.m.
❌ He wasn’t studying last night.
❓ Was she crying?

 

5. FUTURE SIMPLE (Futuro simple)

 Uso:

Se usa para hablar de decisiones espontáneas, predicciones, promesas o planes futuros.
Palabras clave: tomorrow, next week, soon, in the future…

 Estructura:

• Afirmativa: Subject + will + base verb
  → I will travel to Paris.
• Negativa: Subject + will not (won’t) + base verb
  → She won’t come to the party.
• Interrogativa: Will + subject + base verb?
  → Will you help me?

💬 Ejemplos:

 I will study for the test.
 We will visit our grandparents.
 He won’t eat vegetables.
 Will they arrive soon?

 

6. MODAL VERBS (Verbos modales)

 CAN – Poder / saber hacer algo

• Uso: habilidad o permiso.
  → I can swim. / Can I go out?

 MUST – Deber (obligación fuerte / regla)

• Uso: obligación o necesidad.
  → You must wear a uniform.

 HAVE TO – Tener que (obligación externa)

• Uso: algo que alguien o una situación impone.
  → I have to do my homework.

 SHOULD – Debería (consejo)

• Uso: dar sugerencias o recomendaciones.
  → You should eat healthy food.

 

 Ejemplos comparativos:

Modal	Significado	Ejemplo
Can	habilidad / permiso	She can dance very well.
Must	obligación fuerte	You must study for the exam.
Have to	obligación externa	I have to go to school every day.
Should	consejo	You should sleep more.