PRESENT CONTINUOUS

 

Good morning my dear kids, today we are going to talk about present continuous. 

1. What is the Present Continuous?

The Present Continuous (also called Present Progressive) is a tense used to talk about:

·       Actions happening right now.

·       Actions happening around now (but not necessarily at this exact moment).

·       Future planned actions.

 

2. Form / Structure

The Present Continuous is formed with:

·       Subject + verb to be (am/are/is) + main verb + -ing

Examples:

·       I am studying.

·       She is reading.

·       They are playing.

 

3. Uses of the Present Continuous

(A) Actions happening right now

Things in progress at this exact moment.

·       She is talking on the phone.

·       The children are playing outside.

(B) Actions happening around now

Not necessarily this second, but temporary situations.

·       I am taking an online course this month.

·       He is reading a new novel these days.

(C) Future arrangements / fixed plans

Used for planned future events, usually with a time expression.

·       We are meeting our teacher tomorrow.

·       She is traveling to London next week.

(D) Repeated actions with “always” (showing irritation or surprise)

·       He is always leaving his shoes in the living room!

·       They are always shouting at each other.

 

4. Spelling Rules for -ing

When adding -ing:

·       Most verbs: just add -ing → work → working

·       Verbs ending in -e: drop the e + ing → make → making

·       Verbs ending with consonant + vowel + consonant: double the final consonant + ing → run → running

·       Verbs ending in -ie: change ie to y + ing → lie → lying

5. Negative Form

·       Subject + am not / isn’t / aren’t + verb + -ing

Examples:

·       I am not watching TV.

·       She isn’t studying now.

·       They aren’t playing football.

 

6. Interrogative Form

·       Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?

Examples:

·       Am I talking too fast?

·       Is she working today?

·       Are they coming with us?

 

7. Signal Words (Time Expressions)

These words often indicate Present Continuous:

·       now

·       right now

·       at the moment

·       currently

·       today / this week / these days

·       tomorrow / next (when talking about future plans)

 

8. Examples in Context

·       Now: The teacher is explaining the lesson.

·       Temporary situation: I am living with my grandparents for the summer.

·       Future arrangement: We are having lunch with our boss tomorrow.

·       Annoyance: He is always interrupting me!

 

ALL ABOUT PRESENT PERFECT

 

1. Form

The Present Perfect is formed with the auxiliary verb “have/has” + past participle of the main verb.

• Affirmative:
  Subject + have/has + past participle
• I have seen that movie.
• She has finished her homework.
• Negative:
  Subject + have/has + not + past participle
• I have not (haven’t) seen that movie.
• He has not (hasn’t) finished his homework.
• Interrogative:
  Have/Has + subject + past participle?
• Have you seen that movie?
• Has she finished her homework?

 

2. Uses

The Present Perfect connects the past with the present. It is used in these main situations:

1. Life experiences (without saying exactly when).

o   I have visited Paris.

o   She has never tried sushi.

2. Recent actions (often with just, already, yet).

o   I have just finished my work.

o   She has already left.

o   Have you eaten yet?

3. Unfinished time periods (this week, today, this year, etc.).

o   I have read three books this month.

o   He has worked hard today.

4. Actions that started in the past and continue in the present (often with for and since).

o   I have lived here for ten years.

o   She has worked at that company since 2015.

 

3. Signal Words

Common expressions that usually appear with Present Perfect:

• ever, never
• just, already, yet
• for, since
• so far, up to now, until now
• today, this week, this month, this year

 

4. Past Simple vs. Present Perfect

• Past Simple is used when the time is finished or specified:
• I visited Paris last year.
• Present Perfect is used when the time is not specified or still continues:
• I have visited Paris (at some point in my life).

 

El Presente Perfecto

1. Forma

El Presente Perfecto en inglés se forma con el verbo auxiliar have/has + participio pasado.
En español, se traduce como el pretérito perfecto compuesto:
haber (he/has/ha/hemos/han) + participio.

• Afirmativa:
  I have eaten → He comido
  She has finished → Ella ha terminado
• Negativa:
  I haven’t eaten → No he comido
  He hasn’t finished → Él no ha terminado
• Interrogativa:
  Have you eaten? → ¿Has comido?
  Has she finished? → ¿Ha terminado ella?

 

2. Usos

El Present Perfect conecta el pasado con el presente, igual que en español. Sus usos principales:

1. Experiencias de vida (sin decir cuándo exactamente):

o   I have visited Paris → He visitado París.

o   She has never tried sushi → Ella nunca ha probado sushi.

2. Acciones recientes (con just, already, yet):

o   I have just finished → Acabo de terminar.

o   She has already left → Ella ya se ha ido.

o   Have you eaten yet? → ¿Ya has comido?

3. Períodos de tiempo que no han terminado:

o   I have read three books this month → He leído tres libros este mes.

o   He has worked hard today → Él ha trabajado mucho hoy.

4. Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y siguen en el presente (con for y since):

o   I have lived here for ten years → He vivido aquí por diez años.

o   She has worked here since 2015 → Ella ha trabajado aquí desde 2015.

 

3. Palabras clave

• ever, never → alguna vez, nunca
• just → justo, acabar de
• already → ya
• yet → todavía, ya
• for → durante, por
• since → desde
• this week, this year → esta semana, este año

 

4. Diferencia con el Pasado Simple

• Past Simple (pasado simple): para acciones en un tiempo terminado.
• I visited Paris last year → Visité París el año pasado.
• Present Perfect (presente perfecto): para experiencias o acciones con conexión al presente.
• I have visited Paris → He visitado París (no importa cuándo).

 

DO - DOES

 

DO and DOES

1. Structure

We use DO and DOES at the beginning of questions in the Present Simple.

Formula:
Do/Does + subject + base verb + complement?

·       DO → with I, you, we, they

·       DOES → with he, she, it

 

2. Examples with DO

·       Do you like pizza?

·       Do they play soccer?

·       Do we have class today?

·       Do I look tired?

 

3. Examples with DOES

·       Does she work here?

·       Does he play the guitar?

·       Does it rain a lot in April?

·       Does the teacher give homework?

 

4. Short Answers

·       Do you like pizza? → Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.

·       Do they play soccer? → Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.

·       Does she work here? → Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.

·       Does it rain a lot? → Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.

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DO y DOES

1. Estructura

Se usan DO y DOES al inicio de preguntas en presente simple.

Fórmula:
Do/Does + sujeto + verbo en forma base + complemento?

·       DO → con I, you, we, they

·       DOES → con he, she, it

 

2. Ejemplos con DO

·       Do you like pizza? → ¿Te gusta la pizza?

·       Do they play soccer? → ¿Ellos juegan fútbol?

·       Do we have class today? → ¿Tenemos clase hoy?

·       Do I look tired? → ¿Me veo cansado?

 

3. Ejemplos con DOES

·       Does she work here? → ¿Ella trabaja aquí?

·       Does he play the guitar? → ¿Él toca la guitarra?

·       Does it rain a lot in April? → ¿Llueve mucho en abril?

·       Does the teacher give homework? → ¿El profesor deja tareas?

 

4. Respuestas cortas

·       Do you like pizza? → Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. → Sí / No.

·       Do they play soccer? → Yes, they do. / No, they don’t. → Sí / No.

·       Does she work here? → Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t. → Sí / No.

·       Does it rain a lot? → Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t. → Sí / No.

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Exercises / Ejercicios

A. Make questions with DO or DOES. (Haz preguntas con DO o DOES).

1.                  you / like / English?

2.                  they / go / to school on Saturdays?

3.                  he / watch / TV every night?

4.                  she / play / the piano?

5.                  we / need / more time?

 

B. Answer with short answers. (Responde con respuestas cortas).

1.                  Do you speak Spanish? → ______

2.                  Does your teacher give you homework? → ______

3.                  Do they play football? → ______

4.                  Does it rain in summer? → ______

5.                  Do we have class today? → ______